MSW LOGO MEISTER

• Learning Logo Yourself-the LOGO World
• An ‘A’ Level Short Course
• The National Curriculum and schemes of work
• Quick Reference Card

I have a difficulty with LOGO. I know it is a powerful list processing language to rival LISP and I know that it has a clever way of dealing with graphics. I know that some gifted teachers in Australia are using it with Key Stage 2 and Key Stage 3 children- the results are fantastic but

• their techniques are alien to Inner London kids, who
• need more structure, have shorter attention spans, and are goal orientated
• and must follow a rigid National Curriculum.

I know that ‘A’ level mathmos, use LOGO for geometric investigations.

I have never seen LOGO taught for its List Processing.

I have never seen LOGO being taught in a manner conducive to an aging computer professional, who programs best in a procedural language, or out of necessity a bit of C++, or Access.

Logodanz is an attempt to give London Teachers the tools to use the power of LOGO in a way that their pupils can relate to. It is free, it must not be sold- it is not complete, but a series of worksheets that can be adapted to your own needs. If you have further ideas you wish to share, please email me and I will include it as a further sheet.

Print the Quick Reference Card, back to back. All printing can be reduces to A5 using FinePrint driver http:://www.singletrack.com
Here are two more advanced programs.My Sundial Program   My Album Program

Learning Logo Yourself

History of the language

.Logo is a dialect of LISP.

LISP was conceived in and around 1960 by John McCarthy in the days of ALGOL and FORTRAN.

http://www.cs.cmu.edu/Web/Groups/AI/html/faqs/lang/lisp/top.html FAQs.

http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/recursive.html The original paper.

http://www.cs.tulane.edu/www/Villamil/lisp/lisp1.html Lisp tutorial.

.http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/personal.html John McCarthy

Logo was developed at MIT from an idea by Seymour Papert. It added turtle graphics to LISP. Work was done on LOGO at Edinburgh University and UCB Berkeley.

The Edinburgh dialect I believe was adopted by RM, but now seems to have died.

The Berkeley dialect became dominent..It was written by Brian Harvey.

Amstrad bundled a version with some PCW micros but ommitted any documentation.

MSW Logo is Berkeley with a GUI by George Mills.

MSW Logo is free, and has extensions for windows programming

MSW Logo is also available in German, other languages

Brian Harvey has written the definitive LOGO University course.

http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~bh/

http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~bh/v1-toc2.html

http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~bh/v2-toc2.html

http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~bh/v3-toc2.html

Sample Chapters are available from the references above.

Paul Dench is writing an online tutorial.

http://www.ecu.edu.au/pa/ecawa/sig/logo/paul_dench/turtle/index.html

Jim Muller is writing LOGO. See Turtle News

http://members.home.net/tgla/tnews.htm Turtle News

http://members.home.net/tgla/fable.htm Learning Philosophy of pioneers.

Jim Fuller is writing LOGO- working on controlling the games port.

http://www.southwest.com.au/~jfuller/logotut/menu.htm A formal tutorial

Logowriter is a product of MIT (LCSI Logo) MIT invented Brick Logo. Papert is working with LEGO- Mindstorms is a multimedia extension to LCSI Logo. A group at MIT are working to develop a more standard LOGO for LEGO.

WinLOGO is a commercial product,

Comenius Logo is also called SuperLOGO, and is available in English, Dutch and more

The Logo Foundation writes and publishes academic papers on LOGO.

http://el.www.media.mit.edu/groups/logo-foundation

http://www.ozemail.com.au/~mulawa1/turtle/turtle_toc.html

A good Australian tutorial- featuring the Cherry Blossom Tree.

How a teacher should start

Lesson One.

Download Paul Dench’s Tutorials

http://www.ecu.edu.au/pa/ecawa/sig/logo/paul_dench/turtle/index.html

Lesson Two

Join the egroups logo newsgroup

Lesson Three

Read Brian Harvey’s Sample chapters.

http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~bh/v1ch7/recur1.html Recursion.

http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~bh/v1ch14/pour.html Trees

The full manual:- ftp://anarres.cs.berkeley.edu/pub/ucblogo/usermanual

Extra Resources

http://midwich.reading.ac.uk./staff/Ron.Brasington/LogoWWW/

University Language course

http://www.anglia.co.uk/education/mathsnet/logo.html Maths Net lots of UK links

http://members.aol.com/mckoss/logo.htm KS2 ideas

http://vlado.fmf.uni-lj.si/educa/logo/goto.htm EuroLOGO

http://www.microworlds.com/library/index.html Seymour Paperts Company Simple Examples in another LOGO, some simulations.

http://www.ozemail.com.au/~mulawa1/turtle/turtle_toc.html A nice tutorial in Microworlds logo.

http://www.ph-ludwigsburg.de/nutzer/klaudt_dieter/logo/logo1.htm

A German course for trainee Maths Teachers- in German.

http://www.senet.com.au/~kerrb/fractals/gif_frame.html

An article on animated fractal publishing on the net.

http://vlado.fmf.uni-lj.si/educa/logo/goto.htm

A very useful list of EuroLogo Sites

http://www.edi.fmph.uniba.sk/tomcsanyiova/English/Aktivity.html

An ‘A’level Course KS5 Years 12 /13

This course presupposes that the students are learning Pascal, Access and in lower school they have met LOGO as a means of drawing pictures. This moves far too fast for all except the committed.

Lesson One. Introduction

Aim :

• To show them that LOGO is more than Turtles
• To allow them revise turtle commands, and play
• To understand edall.

Method

To put doctor.lgo on one machine and allow it to analyse their problems. This is a UCB Logo example- a version of Eliza.

To put calc.lgo on a machine and allow them to investigate. Calc is a MSWLogo example in Windows subdirectory.

To put Midi.lgo on a machine with sound. MSWLogo example in multimed.

Gather the students around a machine and demonstrate a simple command line procedure. Now edall, and type in that procedure. Save and Exit. Send them away and allow them to choose which Logo Danz Card to work on, though it is better to start in section 2 some will want to start in section 1. Questions you will get will be mainly about erasing errors, copying from command line into editor. PPT confuses students who have used Winlogo in the past.

Issue them with MSW Logo to use at home.

Lesson 2 Doing Pictures

Aim

• To increase speed and fluency
• To introduce variables, procedures, arguments, control structures
• To link in with Pascal

Method

Formally teach : How are variables used in Pascal. x:= x +1. –show a make

(Talk about infix and prefix with the right students)

Show sq :size compare it with a pascal procedure- passing by value passing by name.

They will know the repeat structure- compare it with Pascal. Introduce the while structure and tell them that there is a command called ifelse and how it works.

Enough theory- onto the computer use sq: size and triangle :size to put together villages and space ships. Use the Logo Danz Cards freely. Questions will allow colour and circles to be introduced.

Lesson 3 Absolute Graphics and Random

Aim

• Screen Planning
• Absolute coordinates- as distinct from turtle commands
• Random, chance

Method

Formally draw the screen, I use (-250,150) to (250, -150) as my playpen. I introduce setxy and contrast it with setpos- it allows a quick aside about lists. I draw a five pointed star and set it on the screen. I talk about random , dice, 1+random 5 and then a random coordinate in the 1^st quadrant. I use this to place 6 stars. The students can now develope tis to put the randon all over the field. That achieved we do star :size and draw random stars in a random universe. Logo danz sheets

Lesson 4 Recursion

Aim

• Understanding Output from a procedure
• Understanding Tail end recursion
• Understanding NonTail End recursion

Method

To me a recursive function has 3 parts- the stop- the action –recursive call. The op instruction can cause difficulty to explain. See Kaudt_dieter’s work

Ask them to draw a forest. Show them a deciduous tree- Logo Danz sheet. Show them a PineTree

Lesson 5 Doing Windows

Aim

• Understanding Window procedures
• Understand that similar techniques are used in Access, Delphi, C++.

Method

Give a talk explaining how there is a pattern in windows commands. Demonstrate a main window with 3 buttons and actions. Explain that they are calling the same routine as Access is calling. Explain that a problem in Windows programming is the vast number of parameters. I have changed the names of the numbers to X Y W H. (Width, Height) Students are happy with this convention and talk easily amonst themselves. You must reset between each run.

Show them the Calc example and ask them to change it so it acts like their mobile phone.

You will get problems with buttons referring to main not parent. Don’t introduce the complete range of controls in one session.

Lesson 6 Doing Lists

Aim

• Use the basic list commands
• Tie in this topic with data structure theory- use of lists stacks and queues

Method

Explain to the students the use of commands like first bf last bl item. Demonstrate a function that distructively parses a list. You will need to demonstrate the op command.

The time command gives a useful list. Add a time facility to the mobile phone, by stripping off the date.

Calc.lgo demonstrates how to add a number to the list and place it in a combobox

This can be used in combination with the sound command to add a tunes facility to the mobile phone.

A second attempt at Logo with the Sixth Form using a non constructivist approach.

A booklet for the Sixth form with previous form!

Logo as part of the UK NC- Years 7-11, 11yrs to 16yrs

British schools are tightly controlled in the content of the syllabus they may teach. This is inspected on a four yearly basis by Government inspectors who have powers to close schools and destroy lives. Their absolute authority has been challenged in the courts by a single school, Crown Woods who won an out of court settlement and a change of the verdict.

There are eight levels of achievement 1-8 and students must show a progression. Level 5 at 14yrs is fair, the better students aspire to a 7. ICT is compulsory in all years R- 11- though specialist teaching upto14 is not mandatory, inspectors would see that as a failing.The pupils levels are teacher assessed at 14 in ICT while English Maths and Science have an external exam. It is the result of these three that is used for future ICT predictions- as the ICT mark was internal. Students can tell you if they got a 554, or a 775. In 2000, hardly a child got 777 due to a marking anomoly in Science.

It is the teachers responsibility to write schemes of work for their classes, but model schemes of work have been produced by the QCA. These are very good but make some interesting assumptions about our clientele and resources!

My schemes of work are adapted to my school circumstance- and the incoming ability levels and previous teaching. Some are more detailed than others and all can and will be improved.

A useful crib card

Now this is

Procedures Page 2 to name :parameter [commands] end edall- brings up the editor, type your procedures here File/ Save and exit to get back. Using Variables Make "name 99 make "name :other Make "name :name +99 Note the use of the quote when we are defining a word, and the use of the colon (:) double dot to mean ‘the contents of’. Output to screen Pr [ ] print "text show [ ] label [ ] label "text The turtle starts writing., in the set style. settextfont [font] where font [face] h w o wt i u s chset oprec cprec q p&f Arithmetic Prefix operators difference product quotient sum remainder minus int round abs sign sqrt exp ln log10 power pi sin cos tan arctan List Handling first bf last bl- take sections of the list item n [ list ] extracts the nth item se "a ‘b "c makes the items to a list	Predicates Page 3 All end with a p, and give a value of true or false emptyp numberp wordp listp arrayp beforep memberp substringp greaterp lessp equalp Control Structures: repeat number [commands] The commands are repeated fornumber times. ifelse pred [commands] [other] If the test called pred is true then the commands are done otherwise other are done. pred can be :c<3, or lessp :c 3.Nota bene and and or are prefix operations. ifelse and :c<3 n>10 [commands] [other] while pred [commands] While the test called pred remains true then the commands are repeated. until pred [commands] do.while [commands] [pred] do.until [commands] [pred] for [var start end step] [commands] test pred iftrue [commands] iffalse [commands] The command test sets a flag to true or false. This flag stays set till another test is done. It can be used by iftrue and iffalse.   Stepping through a list foreach [list] [action]	Tunes. Page 4. Sound [ freq length] is the principle command. Here are some frequencies C 261 523 D 293 587 E 329 658 F 349 698 G 392 784 A 440 880 B 493 786 C 523 1046 Windows MSWLogo allows the programmer to access routines in loaded .dll files, including windows. windowcreate "parent "name "title x y w h [setup] dialogcreate "parent "name "title x y w h [setup] windowdelete "name Buttons and Scroll Bars buttoncreate "parent "name "title x y w h ~ [action] buttonupdate "mybutton "newtitle buttondelete "mybutton scrollbarcreate "parent "name "title x y w h ~[setup] scrollbarset "myscroll min max startpos show scrollbarget "name scrollbardelete "name Grouped Controls groupboxcreate ""parent "name x y w h checkboxcreate "parent "group "name "title x y w h checkboxset "name state show checkboxget "name checkboxdelete "name Radiobutton commands are similar Combo List and Edit Boxes comboboxcreate "parent "name "title x y w h comboboxaddstring "name "item comboboxdeletestring "name index comboboxsettext "name "text show comboboxgettext "name comboboxdelete "name Listbox commands are similar, for edit box use combobox with h set small. Input from keyboard and file show readlist also readchar & readword openread "foo.txt setread "foo.txt repeat 2 [show readlist] ;the business setread [] close "foo.txt	LOGO Quick Reference Card Page One   lt left rt right fd forward bk back cs clearscreen home pu penup pd pendown pe penerase ppt penpaint st showturtle ht hideturtle ft findturtle setpc setpencolour setfc setfloodcolor 0 Black 8 Brown 1 Blue 9 Ochre 2 Green 10 Dark Green 3 Cyan 11 Turquiose 4 Red 12 Orange 5 Magenta 13 Violet 6 Yellow 14 Gold 7 White 15 Grey fill (fill "false) (fill "true) setx sety setxy sets the co-ordinates (±250, ± 150) pos heading tells the compass bearing. Setpos[x y ] setheading turns the turtle on a compass bearing. towards x y gives bearing of this point from the turtle.

These can be printing back to back in landscape to form two crib sheets.